(Second chain) Sayyida Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her) says: On the day of the conquest of Makkah, Sayyida Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) came and sat on the left side of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sayyida Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her) came and sat on the right side. Meanwhile, a slave girl brought a drink; first, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) drank from it himself, and then gave it to Sayyida Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her). After drinking, she said: I was fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked her: Was it a make-up (qada) fast? She replied: No. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Then it will not harm you (i.e., there is no problem).

(Third Chain) Sayyida Umm Hani (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to my house on the day of the conquest of Makkah. A drink was presented to him, and he drank it, then gave it to me. I said: I am fasting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: The one performing a voluntary act of worship is his own master, so if you wish, keep the fast, and if you wish, break it.

Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Lady Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) was presented with the meat of a goat as a gift, while both of us were fasting. She made me break my fast; after all, she was the daughter of her (great father, Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him). When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us, we mentioned this matter to him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: In compensation, each of you should fast one day.

Nu’man bin Sa’d reports that a man asked Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): O Commander of the Faithful! Which month’s fasting do you command me to observe after Ramadan? He replied: I have not heard anyone ask this question except one man, who asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the same question: O Messenger of Allah! After the month of Ramadan, which month’s fasting do you command me to observe? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you wish to fast after Ramadan, then fast in the month of Muharram, for it is the month of Allah. In this month, Allah accepted the repentance of a people, and He will accept the repentance of another people.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was asked: "Which prayer is the best after the obligatory prayers?" He, peace and blessings be upon him, replied: "Prayer at any time during the night." Then someone asked: "Which fasts are the best after those of Ramadan?" He, peace and blessings be upon him, replied: "The fasts of Allah’s month, which you call Muharram."

Under this chapter, the following sub-chapters and hadiths have been mentioned.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Fasting on the day of Arafah is an expiation for the past and coming two years, and fasting on Ashura is an expiation for the past one year.

(Second chain) A man asked the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: What is your opinion about the fast of Arafah? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous and coming two years. He then said: O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion about the fast of Ashura? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: I hope from Allah Almighty that He will make this fast an expiation for the sins of the previous one year.

Narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by some Jewish people, and they were fasting on the day of Ashura. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is this fast?" They said: "This is the day on which Allah Almighty saved Musa (peace be upon him) and the Children of Israel from drowning, and drowned Pharaoh, and on this very day the Ark of Nuh (peace be upon him) came to rest on Mount Judi. Therefore, Nuh and Musa (peace be upon them) fasted on this day in gratitude to Allah Almighty." Upon hearing this, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) and of fasting on this day." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed his companions to fast on this day.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah Munawwarah and saw that the Jews were fasting on the 10th of Muharram. He asked them: "What is this day on which you fast?" They said: "This is a great blessed day. On this day Allah Almighty saved the Children of Israel from their enemy, and Musa (peace be upon him) fasted on this day." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am more deserving of Musa (peace be upon him) than you." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) himself fasted on this day and also ordered (the Muslims) to fast on it.