Shaqiq narrates: I was present with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him), so Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abdur Rahman, if a person becomes junub (in a state of major ritual impurity) and does not find water, will he perform the prayer? Then Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did you hear the statement of Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir which he said to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me and you on an expedition. I became junub. I rolled in the earth and then I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him about this, so he said: It would have been sufficient for you to do like this. Then he (the Prophet) wiped his face and both arms once. Upon this, Sayyiduna Abdullah said: I did not see that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was satisfied with this. So Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then what do you say about this verse: "And if you do not find water, then perform tayammum with clean earth." So Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If we start giving people concession in this matter, then if any one of them finds the water cold, he will perform wiping with earth. The narrator named A'mash says: I said to Shaqiq: Did he (Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud) dislike it for this reason?

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about tayammum, so he instructed me to strike (the ground) once for the face and both arms. Qatadah gives a fatwa according to this.

Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Abza (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man came to Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "I have become impure due to major ritual impurity (janabah), and I did not find water." So he (Umar) said: "Then do not perform the prayer." Sayyiduna Ammar said: "O Commander of the Faithful, do you not remember when you and I were together on an expedition? We both became impure due to janabah and did not find water. You did not perform the prayer, but I rolled in the earth and performed the prayer. When we came to the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), I mentioned this to him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'It would have been enough for you to do this.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck his blessed hand on the earth, blew on both hands, and then wiped them over his face and both arms." (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The wording of the narration is as transmitted by Hamd bin Ishaq (i.e., Imam Ibn Khuzaymah).

Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We performed tayammum up to the shoulders along with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) This was at the time when the verse regarding the command of tayammum had been revealed, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had not yet taught Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) the method of tayammum. Then afterwards, while teaching him, he explained that for the face and both hands, only one strike will be made. This was when Sayyiduna Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him) had asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about tayammum.

Sayyiduna Abu Dharr Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Some goats were gathered with the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "O Abu Dharr! Stay with them in the countryside." Sayyiduna Abu Dharr says: I took them to the place of Rabadhah. I became junub (in a state of major ritual impurity). I remained in that state for five or six days. I presented myself before the Prophet (peace be upon him), and he said: "Abu Dharr," I remained silent. Then he said: "O Abu Dharr, may your mother weep for you." Then I informed him about the matter. The Prophet (peace be upon him) called for a black slave-girl. She brought a vessel of water and set up a curtain for me. I went behind the mount (for privacy). I performed ghusl (ritual bath), and it felt as if a mountain had been lifted from me. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Pure earth is a means of purification for a Muslim, even if he does not find water for ten years. When you find water, then touch it to your skin (i.e., perform ghusl), for that is better."

Sayyiduna Abu Dharr Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Some goats from the charity goats were gathered with the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), so the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: O Abu Dharr, you should live a Bedouin life. The narrator says: I took them and came to the place of Rabadhah. The narrator states: I remained in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) for five or six days. I felt very uneasy. I presented myself before the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). At that time, he was sitting leaning against the chamber. When he saw me, he asked: O Abu Dharr, what has happened to you? The narrator says: I sat down. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) asked: O Abu Dharr, what has happened to you? May your mother weep for you! I said: O Messenger of Allah! I have become junub (in a state of major ritual impurity). The narrator says: Then the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) ordered a black slave girl, and she brought a vessel of water. I made a curtain of cloth behind a camel and performed ghusl (ritual bath), and I felt as if a mountain had been lifted from me. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: Come forward. Pure earth is a means of purification for a Muslim, even if ten years pass. Then when he finds water, he should let it touch his skin (i.e., he should perform ghusl).

Sayyiduna Abu Dharr Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“Pure earth is a means of attaining purification for a Muslim, even if he does not find water for ten years.”

Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: A man became junub (in a state of major ritual impurity) during the winter season. He inquired about the ruling, and he was instructed to perform ghusl (ritual bath). (Due to performing ghusl, he passed away.) This matter was mentioned before the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), so he said: "Why did the people cause his death? May Allah destroy those people." He said this three times. (Then he said:) "Allah the Exalted has made earth (the narrator is in doubt, perhaps these are the words) tayammum a means of attaining purity." This doubt in the wording of the narration is from Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). After that, he mentioned it without any doubt.

Abu Qais, who was the servant of Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates: Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) was also on an expedition. The people faced such severe cold that they had never experienced such cold before. Sayyiduna Amr ibn al-As came for the morning prayer and said, "Last night I had a wet dream," so he washed his private parts and performed ablution as for prayer, and led the people in prayer. When he presented himself before the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked his companions, "How did you find Amr and his companions?" The people praised him and mentioned this matter. "O Messenger of Allah, he led us in prayer while in a state of major ritual impurity." So the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Amr and asked him, and Sayyiduna Amr informed him and told him about the cold he had faced. He said, "O Messenger of Allah! Allah Almighty has said: 'Do not kill yourselves.' If I had performed ghusl, I would have died." The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed at the statement of Sayyiduna Amr.

Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) came after relieving himself near Bahr Jamal. He encountered a man who greeted him with salam, but the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not reply to his greeting. The Prophet (peace be upon him) went to a wall, placed his blessed hand on the wall, then wiped his hands over his face and both arms (i.e., performed tayammum), and then the Prophet (peace be upon him) replied to that man's salam.