Sayyiduna (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) wrote a letter to Bakr bin Wa'il. "From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Bakr bin Wa'il (this letter is): Accept Islam and you will be safe." The narrator states: So this letter was read by one of them who belonged to Banu Dubay'ah. That is why their name is Banu Katib (meaning they knew how to read and write).

Abu Bakr Muhammad narrates from his father, who narrates from his grandfather, that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) sent a letter to the people of Yemen, in which there were some rulings regarding obligatory acts, Sunnah practices, and blood money (diyah). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent that letter through Sayyiduna Amr bin Hazm, and it was read out before the people of Yemen. Its text is as follows (i.e., it was written in it):

“This is from Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah, to Shurahbil bin Abd Kulal, Harith bin Abd Kulal, and Na’im bin Abd Kulal.

To proceed: Your messenger has returned. One-fifth of what has been granted to you as spoils is specified for Allah Almighty, and whatever Allah has made obligatory upon the believers regarding the tithe (ushr) of the land (you must also pay that). Any land that is irrigated by rainwater, or by flowing water, or whose roots draw water from the earth, the payment of ushr is obligatory on it when its produce reaches five wasq. And that which is irrigated by buckets or artificially, half of ushr is obligatory when its produce reaches five wasq. For every five freely grazing camels, one goat is obligatory, until their number reaches twenty-four. When they exceed twenty-four by even one, then one bint makhad (a one-year-old she-camel) is obligatory. If a bint makhad is not available, then an ibn labun (a two-year-old male camel) is obligatory, until their number reaches thirty-five. When they exceed thirty-five, then one bint labun (a two-year-old she-camel) is obligatory, until they reach forty-five. When they exceed forty-five, then one hiqqah (a three-year-old she-camel fit for mating) is obligatory, until their number reaches sixty. When the number of camels exceeds sixty by even one, then one jaz’ah (a four-year-old she-camel) is obligatory, until their number reaches seventy-five. When they exceed seventy-five by even one, then two bint labun are obligatory, until they reach ninety. When they exceed ninety by even one, then two hiqqah (fit for mating) are obligatory. For every thirty, a baqurah (a one-year-old she-camel) is obligatory. For every forty freely grazing goats, one goat is obligatory, until their number reaches one hundred and twenty. When they exceed one hundred and twenty by even one, then two goats are obligatory, until their number reaches two hundred. If they exceed by even one, then three goats are obligatory, until they reach three hundred. If they exceed that, then for every hundred, one goat is obligatory.

In zakat, an old, one-eyed, or defective animal will not be accepted, and wealth will not be combined to avoid zakat, nor will combined wealth be separated to avoid zakat. Whatever is collected from two partners will be divided between them equally. For every five awqiyah of silver, five dirhams are obligatory. If it exceeds that, then for every forty dirhams, one dirham is obligatory, but nothing is obligatory for less than five awqiyah. For every forty dinars, one dinar is obligatory. Indeed, charity (i.e., zakat) is not lawful for Muhammad and his family. This is the zakat by which you will purify yourselves. It will be given to the poor among the believers. It will be given in the way of Allah. There is no obligation in a slave, in a field, or among those who work there, as long as the ushr of the field has been paid. There is nothing obligatory on a Muslim’s slave or his horse. On the Day of Judgment, the greatest major sin in the sight of Allah is associating partners with Him, killing a believer unjustly, fleeing from the battlefield in the way of Allah (during jihad), disobedience to parents, accusing chaste women, learning magic, consuming usury, and consuming the wealth of orphans. Umrah is the lesser Hajj. Only a pure person should touch the Qur’an. Divorce cannot be given before ownership (of a slave woman), nor can a slave be freed until he is purchased. No one should pray wearing only one garment unless something is on his shoulder, and no one should wrap himself in a single garment in such a way that there is nothing between him and the sky (i.e., his private parts are not covered). No one should pray in a single garment in such a way that one side is exposed, and no one should pray while his hair is tied in a knot. Whoever is caught for killing a believer and it is proven by evidence, then retribution (qisas) will be taken from him, unless the heirs of the slain are pleased (then the ruling will be different).

Indeed, the blood money for a life is one hundred camels. When the nose is completely cut off, blood money is obligatory. For the tongue, blood money is obligatory. For both lips, blood money is obligatory. For both eyes, blood money is obligatory. For the private part, blood money is obligatory. For the back, blood money is obligatory. For both eyes, blood money is obligatory. For one leg, half of the blood money is obligatory. For a ma’mumah wound (a wound reaching the membrane covering the brain), one-third of the blood money is obligatory. For a ja’ifah wound (a wound reaching the body cavity), one-third of the blood money is obligatory. For a munqilah wound (a bone fracture requiring a splint), fifteen camels are obligatory. For each finger of the hand and foot, ten camels are obligatory. For a tooth, five camels are obligatory. For a mudhihah wound (a wound exposing the bone), five camels are obligatory. A man will be killed in retaliation for a woman. For those who deal in gold (in the form of blood money), one thousand dinars are obligatory.

The wording of the narration is as transmitted by Hamid bin Muhammad bin Shu’aib.

(Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The narrator named Sulaiman bin Dawud is Sulaiman bin Dawud Khawlani. He was from the people of Damascus, trustworthy and reliable. As for the narrator Sulaiman bin Dawud Yamami, he has no status. Both of these narrators have transmitted narrations from Zuhri.

It is narrated about Sayyidah Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) that she submitted to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him): "Has there ever come upon you a day harder than the day of Uhud?" The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "The most distressing situation I faced from your people was on the day of Aqabah. When I invited Ibn Abd Yalil bin Kalal (to Islam), he did not respond to me as I had wished. I was walking away in a state of distress, and when I raised my head, I saw that a cloud was shading me. When I looked carefully, there was Sayyiduna Jibreel (peace be upon him) in it. He called out to me in a loud voice and said: 'Allah has heard what your people have said to you, and the reaction they have shown (He has seen it). Allah has sent the Angel of the Mountains to you, so you may command him as you wish regarding these people.' The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'The Angel of the Mountains addressed me, greeted me with peace, and then said: O Sayyiduna Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah has heard what your people have said to you. I am the Angel of the Mountains. Your Lord has sent me to you so that you may command me as you wish. If you wish, I will overturn these mountains upon them.' The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: '(No), I hope that Allah will bring forth from their descendants those who will worship Allah alone and will not associate anyone with Him.'"

Sayyiduna Tariq bin Abdullah Muharibi (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I saw the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in the market of Dhul-Majaz. He was wearing a red cloak. He was saying,“O people! Say La ilaha illallah, you will be successful.”A man was following behind him and was throwing stones at him. He had wounded the shins and ankles of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and made them bleed. He was saying,“O people! Do not listen to him, he is lying.”

(The narrator says:) I asked,“Who is this person?”It was told,“He is a young man from Banu Abd al-Muttalib.”I asked,“Who is the person following behind him and throwing stones at him?”It was told,“This is Abd al-Uzza Abu Lahab.”

(The narrator says:) When Islam became dominant, we set out until we stopped at a place near Madinah Munawwarah. There was a woman with us. While we were sitting, a man came to us. He was wearing two white garments. He greeted us with salam and asked,“Where have you come from?”We replied,“Ghabzah.”(Rabdhah) The narrator says: We also had a camel with us. The man asked,“Will you sell this camel?”We replied,“Yes.”He asked,“For how much?”We replied,“For such and such measure of dates.”The narrator says: We finalized the deal with this man and he did not ask us to reduce the price. He said,“I will take it,”then he (took the camel and) went into Madinah and (disappeared from us). We began to blame each other. We said,“You have given your camel to a person whom you do not even know.”The narrator says: Then the woman said,“Do not blame each other, for I have seen something on this man’s face that he will not disgrace you. I have not seen anything more resembling the full moon of the fourteenth night than his face.”

The narrator says: When evening came, a man came to us, greeted us with salam, and said,“I am the messenger of Allah’s Messenger. He says that you have the right to eat in such a way that you are satisfied and to measure so that you receive full payment.”

The narrator says: We ate until we were satisfied. Then we measured until we received the full amount. Then the next day we entered Madinah Munawwarah, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was standing on his pulpit delivering a sermon. He was saying:

“The upper hand is better than the lower hand, and begin spending on those under your care: your mother, your father, your sister, your brother, then those who are closest to you, step by step.”Then a man stood up and said,“O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! In the time of ignorance, Banu Thalabah bin Yarbu’ killed such and such person. Will you help us get retribution from him?”The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) raised both his hands until I saw the whiteness of his armpits. He said,“Beware! The mother will not bear the punishment for the child’s mistake. Beware! The mother will not pay the blood money for the child’s crime.”

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates regarding the statement of Allah Almighty: "And do not raise your voice too loudly in your prayer, nor keep it too low." Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) states: When this verse was revealed, at that time the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was residing secretly in Makkah. When he would lead his companions in prayer, he would recite aloud. When the polytheists heard this voice, they would speak ill of the Qur'an, the One who revealed it, and the one who brought it. So Allah Almighty revealed this to His Prophet: "Do not perform your prayer in a loud voice (i.e., do not recite aloud)" such that your voice reaches the polytheists. "And do not keep it too low," meaning that your voice should not fail to reach your companions; let them hear you, but do not raise your voice too much. "And seek a way between the two," meaning seek a way between being too loud and too low.

Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A Muslim army set out and I was the commander of those people, until we camped at Alexandria. Their chief said: Send a person to me who will talk with me and I will talk with him. So I said: No one will go to him except me. I set out from there. My interpreter was with me. His interpreter was with him, until a pulpit was set up for us. He asked: Who are you people? I replied: We are Arabs, we are people of thorns and leaves (i.e., there is no greenery and vegetation in our land), we are people living near the House of Allah. Our land was the narrowest and our life was the hardest. We used to eat carrion and blood as well. In short, we were in the worst condition until a man appeared among us who, at that time, was not the greatest among us in status and not the wealthiest in terms of wealth. He said: I am the Messenger of Allah who has come to you. He commanded us with things we were not familiar with and forbade us from things we used to do and upon which our forefathers were. We denied him, we rejected his words, until a people came to him who were not related to us. They said: We affirm you, we believe in you, we follow you, and whoever fights you, we will fight him. So the Messenger went to them, then we set out to go to them, we fought them. They killed us and prevailed over us. After that, they advanced towards the other surrounding Arab tribes. They fought them until they also prevailed over them. And if my children, the present Arabs, come to know about the kind of luxurious life you are living, then every person present there will come to you and will become a partner with you in the luxury you are in. Upon this, he (i.e., the chief of the disbelievers) laughed and then said: Your Messenger spoke the truth. Messengers came to us just as your Messenger came to you. We also followed their guidance until kings gained dominance among us. They began to follow their desires and abandoned the commands of the Prophets. So as long as you adhere to the command of your Prophet, whoever fights you, you will prevail over him, and whoever tries to become your partner, you will prevail over him. And when you adopt the way we did, and you abandon the command of the Prophet, and you do what those people did who followed their desires, then you will not be able to compete with us, because in numbers you are not more than us, and in strength you are not mightier than us. Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I have never conversed with anyone more cunning than that person.

Sayyiduna Jundub Bajali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once, Sayyiduna Jibreel (peace be upon him) did not come to the service of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for some time, so the polytheists began to say that he has been abandoned. Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Your Lord has neither forsaken you nor is He displeased with you."

Sayyiduna Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Once the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) became ill. He was not able to stand (for prayer) for one or two nights (i.e., he did not come out). Then a woman came to him and said, "O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), I think your devil has left you." So regarding this, the following verse was revealed: "By the morning brightness, and by the night when it covers with darkness, your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He detested you."

Yahya bin Urwah narrates from his father regarding Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him). His father says: I asked: What was the most severe thing you saw that the Quraysh did to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in expressing their enmity? So Sayyiduna Abdullah said: Once I was present with those people; their dignitaries were present in Hatim. While mentioning the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), they said: We have not seen anything that required as much patience from us as what we are enduring regarding justice. They called the wise ones foolish. Did he not speak ill of our forefathers? Did he not declare our religion to be false? Did he not tear apart our unity? Did he not speak ill of our gods? We have shown great patience regarding him, or as they said. While they were sitting there, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, walking. He touched the Black Stone, then while performing Tawaf of the Ka'bah, he passed by them. When he passed by them, they taunted the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I noticed (displeasure) on the face of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept walking. When he passed by them a second time, they again taunted him, and I again noticed (grief) on the face of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but he went on. When he passed by them a third time and they did the same, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O group of Quraysh, by the One in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, I have come to you with slaughter. (Meaning, you will all be killed.) Hearing this, they were stunned, to the extent that each one of them became as if a bird was sitting on his head. Although the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) had faced severe situations from them before, he always responded gently. (Upon hearing such a harsh response) they said: O Abu al-Qasim, please go. Go in such a state that you are a guide. By Allah, you never displayed ignorance. (Meaning, you never spoke harshly.) So the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) left, until when the next day came, those people again gathered in Hatim. I was also with them. One of them said to another: Do you remember what you said to him and what he said to you? Until when he showed you something you did not like, you left him. While they were talking about this, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, so they all together advanced towards him. They surrounded the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). They asked him: Was it you who said this and that? Meaning, the things that had reached them regarding the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he declared their gods and their religion to be false. So the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Yes, I said that. Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I saw one of them grab the cloak of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) stood in front of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), he was crying and saying: Do you fight against a man who says: My Lord is Allah? Then they left the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and went away.

(Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) says:) This was the harshest situation of the Quraysh's mistreatment of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) that I witnessed.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to narrate: A man named Dhamad, who belonged to Azd Shanu’ah, came to Makkah. He used to perform ruqyah (spiritual healing) for madness (i.e., mental illness). The foolish people of Makkah used to say: Muhammad (peace be upon him) has been afflicted with madness. This man said: If I see this person, perhaps Allah Almighty will grant him healing through me. The narrator says: He met the Prophet (peace be upon him), and he said: O Muhammad (peace be upon him), I perform ruqyah for this madness (i.e., mental imbalance), and Allah Almighty grants healing through me to whomever He wills, so do you have any interest in this? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:“Indeed, all praise is due to Allah alone. We praise Him, and seek help from Him. Whomever Allah guides, none can misguide, and whomever He lets go astray, none can guide. I bear witness that there is no deity except Allah, He is One, He has no partner, and Muhammad (peace be upon him) is His servant and His Messenger. To proceed.”The man said: Repeat these words of yours to me again. So the Prophet (peace be upon him) repeated these words to him three times. The man said: I have heard the words of soothsayers, I have heard the words of magicians, I have heard the words of poets, but I have never heard any words like yours. Extend your hand so that I may pledge allegiance to Islam at your blessed hand. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Will your people also do so? He said: My people will also do so. The narrator says: So the Prophet (peace be upon him) took the pledge of allegiance from him. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) dispatched a military expedition. They passed by a certain tribe, so the commander of the army said to his army: Have you taken anything from these people? One of those present said: I have taken a water vessel from them. The commander said: Return it to them, for these are the people of Dhamad’s tribe.