Qays bin Muslim says: I asked Hasan bin Muhammad about this saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And know that whatever you obtain as spoils of war, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger" [Al-Anfal: 41] . He said: This is the opening of the speech; to Allah alone belongs everything in this world and the Hereafter. He related that after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the people differed about these two shares (the share of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the share of the near relatives). Some said: The share of "the near relatives" is for the relatives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Some said: It is for the relatives of the caliph. And some said that the share of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) belongs to the caliph after him. Then they all agreed that these two shares should be spent on horses and war equipment in the way of Allah, and this was acted upon during the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both).

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed me in charge of "the fifth of the fifth" (the management of the fifth share), so I spent it in its proper places during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and during the lifetimes of Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). This hadith has a sahih (authentic) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) was part of the "safi" (that is, the portion which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would select for himself before the distribution). This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but they did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that on the day of Badr the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took his sword "Dhu al-Faqar" as an extra share (nafl). Ibn Abbas says: This is the very sword about which he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a dream on the day of Uhud. What happened was that when the idolaters came on the day of Uhud, the opinion of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was that they should stay in Madinah and face them there. But some people who had not been able to take part in Badr said: Let the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) take us out to them so that we may fight them at Uhud. They hoped to attain the same virtue that the people of Badr had attained. They kept pressing the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until he (peace and blessings be upon him) put on his battle dress (armour). Then they regretted it and said: O Messenger of Allah, stay; the (right) opinion is your opinion. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not befitting for a prophet, once he has put on his battle dress, to take it off before Allah judges between him and his enemy." Before putting on the battle dress, he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said to them: "I saw in a dream that I was in a strong coat of armour, which I interpreted as Madinah; and I saw that I was riding behind a ram, which I interpreted as the ram (commander) of the army; and I saw that my sword Dhu al-Faqar had become notched, which I interpreted as a loss that will befall you; and I saw a cow being slaughtered, and by Allah, that (slaughter of the) cow is good, it is good (that is, the martyrdom of Muslims)." This hadith has a sahih (authentic) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

Abdullah bin Buraydah al-Aslami narrates from his father: I was walking with my father when he passed by some people who were disparaging Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and saying (unseemly) things about him. My father stood up and said: I too used to be displeased with Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and had something against him in my heart. I was with Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) in an army where we obtained spoils of war, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) took a slave girl from the khums for himself. There was also some ill-feeling between Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Khalid (may Allah be pleased with him). So Khalid said (to me), since he knew what was in my heart against Ali: This is your chance; go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mention this matter to him. So I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and related the whole incident to him. I used to keep my head lowered while speaking. When I had mentioned the army and then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), I raised my head and saw that the neck veins of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had turned red (with anger). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever I am the wali (patron/friend) of, Ali is also his wali." After that, the resentment that was in my heart against him went away. This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but they did not record it with this wording. Imam Bukhari recorded it in abridged form, but in this chapter this narration of Abu Awanah, through al-A'mash, is the most authentic.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he passed by a gathering, and then he related the whole incident in detail, similar to the previous hadith.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that on the day of the Battle of Hunayn, the tribe of Hawazin (to overawe the Muslims and) to display their great numbers brought along their women, children, camels and goats, and arranged them in rows. When the Muslims and the idolaters met, the Muslims (at first) turned their backs and retreated, as Allah Almighty has said (in the Qur'an). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said (standing firm): "I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger," and he called out: "O people of the Ansar, I am the servant of Allah and His Messenger." Then Allah defeated the idolaters. That day (because of the enemy's flight) no spear was thrust and no sword was struck (that is, victory came through unseen help). That day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laid down this rule: "Whoever kills a disbeliever, the belongings (salab) of the one killed are his." That day Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) killed twenty men and took their belongings. Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man on the vein of his shoulder, and he was wearing a coat of armour, but in my haste I could not take his belongings; please see who has it. A man said: O Messenger of Allah, I have it; please satisfy him (by giving him something) and grant the armour to me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent. It was his (peace and blessings be upon him) habit that whenever he was asked for something, he would either give it or remain silent. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said (to that man): No, by Allah! It cannot be that Allah grants spoils to one of His lions (Abu Qatadah) and it is given to (someone like) you. Hearing this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed. This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, from his grandfather (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr, may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) burned the belongings of the one who committed treachery with the spoils of war, deprived him of his share (of the spoils), and beat him (as a disciplinary punishment). This is a gharib sahih (rare but authentic) hadith, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of Abi al-Lahm, that he said: I was present at the Battle of Khaybar with my masters. They spoke to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about me (saying that I wished to take part in the fighting), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the order and a sword was hung around my neck. Then when he (peace and blessings be upon him) was told that I was a slave, he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that I be given some ordinary household goods (khurthi al-mata') (instead of a regular soldier's share). This hadith has a sahih (authentic) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Mujammi' bin Jariyah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), who was one of the Qur'an reciters who had memorised the Qur'an: We were present with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Hudaybiyah. When we returned from there, the people were driving their camels swiftly. Some asked others: What has happened to the people? They answered: Revelation has come down to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So we too hurried along with the people, and we saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) standing on his mount at a place called "Kura' al-Ghamim". When the people had gathered around him (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse to them: "Indeed, We have granted you a clear victory." A man said: O Messenger of Allah, is it a victory? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, by the One in whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, it is certainly a victory." So Khaybar (its spoils) was distributed only among the people of Hudaybiyah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it into sixteen shares. The army numbered one thousand five hundred, among whom were three hundred horsemen. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the horseman two shares and the foot soldier one share. This is a great hadith with a sahih (authentic) chain of narration, but the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it.