Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Return the trust to the one who entrusted you, and do not betray the one who betrays you." __QUR_N__ __XREF_N__ __REF_N__

Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is Hasan Gharib.
2- Some people of knowledge have followed this hadith. They say that when a person has something belonging to another in his charge, and he takes it away, then if something belonging to that person comes into his possession, it is not permissible for him to withhold from it as much as was taken from him.
3- Some of the Tabi'in among the people of knowledge have permitted this, and this is also the opinion of Sufyan al-Thawri. He says: If someone owes him dirhams, and dinars (as a trust) come into his possession, it is not permissible for him to withhold the dinars in exchange for his dirhams. However, if dirhams come into his possession, then it is permissible for him to withhold from the dirhams as much as is owed to him.

Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage, delivering a sermon, saying: "A borrowed item must be returned, the guarantor is liable to pay compensation, and a debt must be repaid." Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) is Hasan Gharib,
2- And this is also narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) through another chain from Abu Umamah,
3- In this chapter, there are also ahadith from Samurah, Safwan bin Umayyah, and Anas (may Allah be pleased with them).

It is narrated from Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whatever the hand has taken, it is a liability upon him until he returns it." 1 Qatadah says: Then Hasan al-Basri forgot this hadith and began to say, "Whoever borrows something, he is your trustee, there is no liability upon him," meaning that if a borrowed item is destroyed, there is no liability. Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is Hasan Sahih.
2- Some of the Companions and other scholars have also adopted this view; they say: The one who borrows something is liable. This is also the opinion of Shafi'i and Ahmad.
3- Some of the Companions and other scholars say that there is no liability upon the borrower, unless he acts contrary to the owner's instructions. This is the view of Thawri and the scholars of Kufa, and Ishaq ibn Rahwayh also holds this opinion.

‘Mu’ammar bin ‘Abdullah bin Nadlah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say:“Only a sinner practices hoarding (monopolizing goods).”1. Muhammad bin Ibrahim says: I said to Sa’id bin Al-Musayyib: Abu Muhammad! Do you practice hoarding? He said: Mu’ammar also used to hoard. Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Mu’ammar is Hasan Sahih,
2- It is narrated from Sa’id bin Al-Musayyib that he used to hoard oil, wheat, and similar things,
3- In this chapter, there are also ahadith from ‘Umar, ‘Ali, Abu Umamah, and Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them),
4- The people of knowledge act upon this. They have declared hoarding of food to be unlawful,
5- Some people of knowledge have permitted hoarding of things other than food,
6- Ibn Mubarak says: There is no harm in hoarding cotton, tanned goat skins, and similar things.

Narrated by Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said:“(Do not) go out to meet trading caravans (coming to the market before they arrive), do not tie up the udders of animals (to deceive the buyer about the amount of milk), and do not (pretend to be a buyer and) sell each other’s goods (by false bidding).” Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) is Hasan Sahih,
2- In this chapter, ahadith have also been narrated from Ibn Mas’ud and Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with them),
3- The people of knowledge act upon this; they do not consider it permissible to sell such an animal whose milk has been withheld in its udder,
4-“Muhallifah”refers to such an animal whose milk has been left in its udder, and its owner has not milked it for a few days so that milk collects in its udder and the buyer is deceived by it. This is a form of fraud and deception.

‘Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“Whoever swears a false oath in order to unlawfully seize the wealth of a Muslim, will meet Allah while He is angry with him.”Ash’ath bin Qais (may Allah be pleased with him) says: By Allah! The Prophet narrated this hadith concerning me. There was a piece of land shared between me and a Jew. He denied my share, so I brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Messenger of Allah asked me:“Do you have any witnesses?”I replied: No. So he said to the Jew:“Take an oath.”I said: O Messenger of Allah! He will swear an oath and consume my property. Then Allah revealed this verse «إن الذين يشترون بعهد الله وأيمانهم ثمنا قليلا» “Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price...”(Aal ‘Imran: 77).

Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Ibn Mas’ud is Hasan Sahih (good and authentic).
2- In this chapter, hadiths have also been narrated from Wa’il bin Hujr, Abu Musa, Abu Umamah bin Thalabah Al-Ansari, and Imran bin Husain (may Allah be pleased with them).

‘Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:“When there is a dispute between the seller and the buyer, the statement of the seller will be accepted, and the buyer will have the choice.” Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is mursal; ‘Awn bin ‘Abdullah did not meet Ibn Mas’ud,
2- And this hadith is also narrated from Qasim bin ‘Abdur-Rahman, who narrated from Ibn Mas’ud, and Ibn Mas’ud narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). And this narration is also mursal,
3- Ishaq bin Mansur says: I asked Ahmad: When there is a dispute between the seller and the buyer and there is no witness, whose statement will be accepted? He said: The statement of the owner of the goods will be considered, or both should take back their respective things, i.e., the seller takes back the goods and the buyer takes back the price. Ishaq bin Rahwayh also said the same as Ahmad,
4- And whoever’s statement is accepted, he will have to take an oath. Imam Tirmidhi says:
It is narrated in the same way from some of the scholars among the Tabi’in, among whom is Shurayh.

Iyas bin Abd Muzani (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade selling water 1. Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Iyas is Hasan Sahih,
2- In this chapter, hadiths have also been narrated from Jabir, Bahisah, the father of Bahisah, Abu Hurairah, Aisha, Anas, and Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them),
3- Most of the people of knowledge act upon this; they have declared selling water to be impermissible. This is also the view of Ibn Mubarak, Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq bin Rahwayh,
4- And some people of knowledge have permitted selling water, among whom is Hasan Basri.

Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not withhold surplus water, for by doing so, you may prevent (others from) grass." 1. Imam Tirmidhi says: This hadith is Hasan Sahih.

'Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) reports that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade taking a fee for letting a male animal mate with a female. __QUR_N__ Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) is Hasan Sahih,
2- In this chapter, hadiths have also been narrated from Abu Hurairah, Anas, and Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with them),
3- Some people of knowledge act upon this. Some scholars have permitted accepting a gift for this work, but according to the majority, this prohibition is one of forbiddance.