It is narrated that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about this verse: "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants and made them testify over themselves: Am I not your Lord? They said: Yes indeed, we testify, lest you say on the Day of Resurrection: We were unaware of this" [Surah al-A'raf: 172] . He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when he was asked about it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty created Adam (peace be upon him), then He wiped his back with His right hand and brought forth from it his offspring, and said: 'I have created these for Paradise, and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise.' Then He wiped his back again and brought forth from it (other) offspring, and said: 'I have created these for the Fire, and they will do the deeds of the people of the Fire.'" At this a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, then what is the point of deeds?" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, when Allah Almighty creates a servant for Paradise, He employs him in the deeds of the people of Paradise." This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah Almighty created Adam (peace be upon him), He wiped his back, and there fell from it every soul (like tiny ants) that Allah Almighty was going to create until the Day of Resurrection. Then Allah placed between the eyes of every human being among them a gleam of light. Then He presented them to Adam (peace be upon him). Adam (peace be upon him) asked: 'O my Lord, who are these?' Allah said: 'These are your offspring.' Adam (peace be upon him) saw a man among them the gleam between whose eyes greatly pleased him. He asked: 'O my Lord, who is this?' Allah said: 'This is your son Dawud, who will be among the last of the nations.' Adam (peace be upon him) asked: 'How long a life have You appointed for him?' Allah said: 'Sixty years.' Adam (peace be upon him) said: 'O my Lord, add forty years to him from my life, so that his life may be one hundred years.' Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: 'Then (this decision) will be written down and sealed, and it will not be changed.' So when Adam's (peace be upon him) life came to an end, the Angel of Death came to him to take his soul. Adam (peace be upon him) said: 'Do forty years of my life not remain?' The Angel of Death said to him: 'Did you not give them to your son Dawud?' (The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) said: So Adam (peace be upon him) denied it, and his offspring deny; he forgot, and his offspring forget; and he erred, and his offspring err." This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning this saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And recite to them the story of the one to whom We gave Our signs, but he detached himself from them" [Surah al-A'raf: 175] , that he said: "He is Bal'am bin Abar (a man by that name)."

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was asked about al-Anfal (the spoils of war), and he said: "This verse was revealed concerning us on the day of Badr. At that time the people were (divided) into three groups: one third were fighting the enemy, one third were gathering the spoils and seizing captives, and one third were at the tent guarding the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When the goods had been gathered, they disagreed about them. Those who had gathered and seized them said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has granted each man whatever he obtained, so it is ours and not yours.' Those who were fighting the enemy and pursuing them said: 'By Allah, were it not for us you would not have obtained it; it was we who kept the enemy occupied away from you.' And the guards said: 'By Allah, you are not more entitled to it than us. We saw ourselves in a position where, when Allah gave us the upper hand over the enemy, we too could have seized the goods, since there was no one to prevent it; but we feared a surprise attack by the enemy on the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), so we stood guarding him (peace and blessings be upon him).' (Sayyiduna Ubadah) said: Then Allah Almighty took that wealth out of our hands and handed it over to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) divided it equally (among everyone). On that day there was no fifth (khumus) in it. In this (ruling) there was (the lesson of) fear of Allah, obedience to Him, obedience to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and setting right relations among one another." This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever does such-and-such, or reaches such-and-such a place, will have such-and-such a reward." So the young men rushed towards it (for the sake of the rewards), while the elders held firm (in their places) beneath the banners. Then, when Allah granted them victory, the young men came asking for the share that had been appointed for them, while the elders said: "We were your support and backing, and we remained beneath the banners." At this Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed this verse: "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set right the relations between you" [Surah al-Anfal: 1] . The chain of this hadith is sahih (authentic), and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had finished (dealing with) the slain, it was said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "Go after the caravan; there is now nothing standing in its way." Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), while he was bound as a captive, called out to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "That is not right for you." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Why?" He said: "Because Allah promised you one of the two groups, and He has already fulfilled for you what He promised you (meaning that pursuing the caravan is no longer part of the promise)." The chain of this hadith is sahih (authentic), and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning this verse: "And whoever turns his back to them on that day" [Surah al-Anfal: 16] , that he said: "This verse was revealed concerning us on the day of the Battle of Badr." This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of Imam Muslim, and the two Shaykhs did not record it.

Sa'id bin al-Musayyib narrates from his father that on the day of the Battle of Uhud, Ubayy bin Khalaf advanced towards the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (intending to attack him). Some of the believers stood in his way, but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them and they left his path clear. Then Mus'ab bin Umayr, the brother of Banu Abd al-Dar, confronted him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw an open gap near the collarbone of Ubayy bin Khalaf between his coat of mail and his helmet, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) struck him with his short spear, and Ubayy fell from his horse. No blood came out of his wound, but one of his ribs was broken. His companions came to him while he was bellowing like a bull. They said to him: "Do not be so weak! This is only a scratch." So he reminded them of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (in which he had said): "Rather, I will kill Ubayy." Then he said: "By the One in whose Hand is my soul, if what has struck me had struck all the people of Dhu al-Majaz, they would all have died." So Ubayy died and went to Hell before he reached Makkah; so away with the people of the Blaze! Then Allah revealed this verse: "And you did not throw when you threw" [Surah al-Anfal: 17] . This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), and they did not record it.

It is narrated from Abdullah bin Tha'labah bin Abi Su'ayr al-Udhri that the one who sought a decisive victory (at Badr) was Abu Jahl, for when the two sides met he said: "O Allah, whichever of us has more severely cut the ties of kinship and has brought what we do not recognise, destroy him this morning." That was his seeking of a decisive victory (judgement). At this Allah Almighty revealed this verse, from "If you sought a decision, the decision has come to you" up to "and that Allah is with the believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 19] . This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), and they did not record it.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning this saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "He comes between a man and his heart" [Surah al-Anfal: 24] , that he said: "He comes between the disbeliever and faith (if He does not will to guide him), and He comes between the believer and sins (in order to protect him)." This hadith is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), and they did not record it.